A Latent Profile Analysis of Distributed Leadership and its Covariation with Teacher Academic Optimism
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Thien, Lei Mee
Yang, Min
Xu, Xiaoran
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A person-centered approach – latent profile analysis offers a valuable complementary perspective by identifying distinct subgroups or profiles of teachers who share similar patterns of experience (Collins & Lanza, 2009; Spurk et al., 2020). This enables researchers to capture the heterogeneity of teacher responses, uncover interaction patterns among perceived principal distributed leadership and teacher academic optimism, and enhance the practical relevance of findings. Given that principal distributed leadership has been predominantly studied in Western contexts (Adams et al., 2025; Doguş et al., 2025), this study begins by validating the multidimensional structure of principal distributed leadership to ensure its applicability and factor structure within a Malaysian primary school teacher sample.