Unravelling Digital Leadership's Impact on College Student Satisfaction in Mobile-Assisted Language Learning: Insights from Symmetric and Asymmetric Analyses
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Xiaoran Xu
Lei Mee Thien
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This study investigates the impact of teachers’ digital leadership on student satisfaction in Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL). Based on complexity theory, it explores both the underlying combinations of the five dimensions of digital leadership (Digital citizenship, Digital age learning culture, Visionary leadership, Excellence in professional practice and Systematic improvement) and their configurational interactions. The survey data were collected from 679 Chinese college students. This study used a combination of symmetric approach, partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), and asymmetric approach, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The PLS-SEM results suggest Digital citizenship, Digital age learning culture and Visionary leadership are the biggest predictors of student satisfaction in MALL. The fsQCA results show five configurations of digital leadership dimensions that generate high student satisfaction, highlighting the importance of synergy among digital leadership practices. Through the combination of symmetric and asymmetric approaches, the study offers nuanced perspectives into how digital leadership dimensions may improve student satisfaction and drive MALL implementation, which are beneficial for educators and higher education institutions seeking to improve technology-enabled learning environments.